Ulcers commonly occur in the stomach and duodenum (upper portion of the small intestine). The symptoms arising from ulcers in these locations are varied. Some patients have upper abdominal pain/discomfort/bloating while others have no abdominal symptoms. Gastric and duodenal ulcers are associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori and the use of certain ‘painkillers’ such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gastric and duodenal ulcers can be detected via oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy. Gastric and duodenal ulcers may bleed, leading to symptoms such as vomiting of blood, or the passage of black stools (altered blood). Such episodes may be life-threatening. Bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcers can be treated by endoscopic haemostasis.